Article Data

  • Views 1398
  • Dowloads 137

Original Research

Open Access

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE, CARDIOPULMONARY FITNESS, AND PREVALENCE OF COLON POLYPS ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP 

  • Hye Young Lee1
  • Hye Kyung Song2
  • Yong Hwan Kim3

1Sports & Health Medicine Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2Health Promotion Center, Ehwa Womans University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

3Department of Physical Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea

DOI: 10.22374/jomh.v15i3.139 Vol.15,Issue 3,July 2019 pp.35-45

Published: 02 July 2019

*Corresponding Author(s): Yong Hwan Kim E-mail: yhkim@gwnu.ac.kr

Abstract

Background and objectives

Colon polyps are precursor lesions for colon cancer and are associated with a range of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, obesity, a high-calorie diet, inactivity, and low levels of fitness. The pur-pose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of colon polyps in relation to age, cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise frequency, intensity, and duration (or continuous time).

Materials and methods

This study involved asymptomatic males who underwent a colonoscopy and cardiac exercise stress test. Participants were divided by age (30–49 years [young adults – YA], 50–59 years [middle-aged – MID], and 60+ years [elderly – ELD]). Participants completed an exercise questionnaire that assessed the frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise. Cardiopulmonary fitness was measured with a gas analyzer using a treadmill and the Bruce protocol. Polyps were classified according to their number (≥3) and size (≥0.6 cm), and logistic regression was performed to determine odds ratios (OR). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

The incidence of colon polyps was 40.1%, 56.2%, and 68.9% in the YA, MID, and ELD groups, respectively. In the YA group, the OR for the presence of polyps decreased to 0.854 and 0.687 in the G3 and G4 (highest fitness) groups, respectively. Although there was no difference in the presence of polyps in the MID group based on cardiopulmonary fitness, there were differences based on exercise intensity and frequency. The OR for the presence of polyps in subjects from the YA group who exer-cised frequently was 0.743, while those in the MID group had an OR of 0.787; these ORs represented a 21.3–25.7% lower risk than participants who did not exercise (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Higher cardiopulmonary fitness, along with increased exercise frequency, intensity, and duration, could lower the prevalence of polyps in younger and middle-aged participants, although exercise did not affect the prevalence of polyps in older participants.

Keywords

colon polyp; fitness; odds ratio; physical activity

Cite and Share

Hye Young Lee,Hye Kyung Song,Yong Hwan Kim. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE, CARDIOPULMONARY FITNESS, AND PREVALENCE OF COLON POLYPS ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP . Journal of Men's Health. 2019. 15(3);35-45.

References

1. Bray F, Møller B. Predicting the future burden of cancer. Nat Rev Canc. 2006;6:63.

2. Center MM, Jemal A, Smith RA, et al. Worldwide variations in colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:366–78.

3. Jung K-W, Won Y-J, Oh C-M, et al. Cancer statis-tics in Korea: Incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2014. Canc Res Treat 2017;49:292.

4. Ransohoff DF. Colon cancer screening in 2005: Status and challenges. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:1685–95.

5. Im Shim J, Kim Y, Han MA, et al. Results of col-orectal cancer screening of the national cancer screening program in Korea, 2008. Canc Res Treat 2010;42:191.

6. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor devel-opment. N Eng J Med 1988;319:525–32.

7. Gopalswamy N, Shenoy VN, Choudhry U, et al. Is in vivo measurement of size of polyps during colonoscopy accurate? Gastrointest Endos 1997; 46:497–502.

8. Wu L, Li Y, Li Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of narrow-band imaging for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps: A meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2013;15:3–11.

9. Zahm SH, Cocco P, Blair A. Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for colon polyps. Am J Publ Health 1991;81:846–49.

 10. Lee WC, Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, et al. Cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, and caffeine as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:239–44.

 11. Todoroki I, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Relationship of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and dietary habits with sigmoid colon adenomas. Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:478–83.

 12. Longnecker MP, Chen M-J, Probst-Hensch NM, et al. Alcohol and smoking in relation to the prev-alence of adenomatous colorectal polyps detected at sigmoidoscopy. Epidemiol 1996:275–80.

 13. Sanchez NF, Stierman B, Saab S, et al. Physical activity reduces risk for colon polyps in a multi-ethnic colorectal cancer screening population. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:312.

 14. ACSM. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2013.

 15. Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA. Physical activity and risk of colon adenoma: A meta-analysis. Br J Canc 2011;104:882.

 16. Ulrich CM, Kampman E, Bigler J, et al. Lack of association between the C677T MTHFR polymor-phism and colorectal hyperplastic polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:427–33.

 17. Haggar FA, Boushey RP. Colorectal cancer epide-miology: Incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2009; 22:191–97.

 18. Rosenberg L, Boggs D, Wise LA, et al. A follow-up study of physical activity and incidence of colorec-tal polyps in African-American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:1438–42.

 19. Wallace K, Baron JA, Karagas MR, et al. The association of physical activity and body mass index with the risk of large bowel polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:2082–86.

 20. Setty P, Padmanabha B, Doddamani B. Correlation between obesity and cardio respiratory fitness. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2013;2:300–04.

 21. MacIntosh BJ, Swardfager W, Crane DE, et al. Cardiopulmonary fitness correlates with regional cerebral grey matter perfusion and density in men with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2014;9:e91251.

 22. McCullough PA, Franklin BA, Leifer E, et al. Impact of reduced kidney function on cardiopul-monary fitness in patients with systolic heart fail-ure. Am J Nephrol 2010;32:226–33.

 23. Meseeha M, Attia M, Dulebohn S, et al. Colon Polyps. StatPearls, Treasure Island; 2018.

 24. Klein JL, Okcu M, Preisegger KH, et al. Distribution, size and shape of colorectal adenomas as determined by a colonoscopist with a high lesion detection rate: Influence of age, sex and colonoscopy indication. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2016;4:438–48.

 25. Schoefl R, Ziachehabi A, Wewalka F. Small col-orectal polyps. Dig Dis 2015;33:38–41.

 26. Watabe H, Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, et al. Risk assessment for delayed hemorrhagic complication of colonic polypectomy: Polyp-related factors and patient-related factors. Gastrointes Endos 2006;64:73–78.

 27. Strong JP, Reif A, Correa P, et al. The epidemiol-ogy of colorectal polyps. Prevalence in New Orleans and international comparisons. Cancer 1977;39:2258–64.

 28. Lee GE, Park HS, Yun KE, et al. Association between BMI and metabolic syndrome and ade-nomatous colonic polyps in Korean men. Obesity 2008;16:1434–39.

 29. Ashktorab H, Paydar M, Yazdi S, et al. BMI and the risk of colorectal adenoma in African-Americans. Obesity 2014;22:1387–91.

 30. Lee BI, Hong SP, Kim SE, et al. Korean guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and polyp detec-tion. J Korean Soc Radiol 2012; 66: 385–406.

 31. Fletcher G, Ades P, Kligfield P, et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013;128:873–934.

 32. Dishman RK, Heath GW, Lee I-M. Physical activity epidemiology. Human Kinetics, Champaign; 2018.

 33. Wolin KY, Yan Y, Colditz GA, et al. Physical activ-ity and colon cancer prevention: A meta-analysis. Br J Canc 2009;100:611.

 34. Kahn HS, Tatham LM, Thun MJ, et al. Risk fac-tors for self-reported colon polyps. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13:303–10.

 35. Howley ET, Bassett DR, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: Review and commen-tary. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27: 1292–92.

 36. Enright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care 2003;48:783–85.

3 7. Stringhini S, Sabia S, Shipley M, et al. Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA 2010;303: 1159–66.

Abstracted / indexed in

Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) Created as SCI in 1964, Science Citation Index Expanded now indexes over 9,200 of the world’s most impactful journals across 178 scientific disciplines. More than 53 million records and 1.18 billion cited references date back from 1900 to present.

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition aims to evaluate a journal’s value from multiple perspectives including the journal impact factor, descriptive data about a journal’s open access content as well as contributing authors, and provide readers a transparent and publisher-neutral data & statistics information about the journal.

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

SCImago The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a publicly available portal that includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.)

Publication Forum - JUFO (Federation of Finnish Learned Societies) Publication Forum is a classification of publication channels created by the Finnish scientific community to support the quality assessment of academic research.

Scopus: CiteScore 0.7 (2022) Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 Inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.

Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers Search for publication channels (journals, series and publishers) in the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers to see if they are considered as scientific. (https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/Forside).

Submission Turnaround Time

Conferences

Top