Article Data

  • Views 1312
  • Dowloads 148

Original Research

Open Access

Health Perceptions of Korean and Japanese Adolescents During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: An Importance Performance Analysis

  • Hyun-su Youn1,†
  • Eui-Jae Lee2,†
  • Sukou Riki3
  • Chizuru Mizno4
  • Chul-min Kim5,*,§
  • Yoshinori Okade6,*,§

1Department of Physical Education, College of Education, WonKwang University, 54538 Ik San, Republic of Korea

2Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea

3Department of Physical Education, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, 157-0061 Tokyo, Japan

4Department of Digital Business Japanese Jangan University, 18331 Hwasung-si, Republic of Korea

5Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea

6Department of Sports and International Studies, Ninppon Sport Science University, 158-8508 Tokyo, Japan

DOI: 10.31083/j.jomh1811211 Vol.18,Issue 11,November 2022 pp.1-11

Published: 30 November 2022

*Corresponding Author(s): Chul-min Kim E-mail: cmkim@khu.ac.kr
*Corresponding Author(s): Yoshinori Okade E-mail: okade@hotmail.co.jp

† These authors contributed equally.

§ The author’s own special request.

Abstract

Background: This study compares and analyzes the importance and performance of Korean and Japanese adolescents’ health aware-ness in the long COVID-19 pandemic situation. Methods: A frequency analysis was conducted on data collected from 1341 Korean and Japanese adolescents in September 2021 through online and offline surveys to confirm their characteristics (reliability was verified through Cronbach’s α). A paired sample test was conducted to analyze health awareness differences and performance of each variable be-tween Korean and Japanese middle-school students and between male and female participants, substantiated by importance-performance analysis (IPA). Results: First, Korean adolescents perceived importance for all factors of health perception greater as compared to their Japanese counterparts. Second, performance differences between Korean and Japanese adolescents were especially significant in hygiene management, disease management and physical activity. Third, in Quadrant 4 of the IPA matrix, there were similarities and differences in a particular factor of health perception between Korean and Japanese adolescents. On this basis, we proposed measures emphasizing the importance of health, to enhance Korean and Japanese adolescents’ performance. Conclusions: It is important for national government, public education institutions, and families to couple a therapeutic approach with a preventive and management approach that encourages periodic exercise, desirable diet, and adequate sleep when exploring measures to maintain and promote adolescents’ health.


Keywords

importance-performance analysis; COVID-19; health perceptions; Korean; Japanese; adolescents

Cite and Share

Hyun-su Youn,Eui-Jae Lee,Sukou Riki,Chizuru Mizno,Chul-min Kim,Yoshinori Okade. Health Perceptions of Korean and Japanese Adolescents During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: An Importance Performance Analysis. Journal of Men's Health. 2022. 18(11);1-11.

References

[1] Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science. 2020; 2: 55–64.

[2] Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): the need to maintain regu-lar physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020; 9: 103–104.

[3] Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, Pippi R, D’Agata V, Palma A, et al. The impact of physical activity on psychologi-cal health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 2020; 6: e04315.

[4] Rundle AG, Park Y, Herbstman JB, Kinsey EW, Wang YC. COVID-19–Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain among Children. Obesity. 2020; 28: 1008–1009.

[5] Lee SM, So WY, Youn HS. Importance-performance analy-sis of health perception among Korean adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 1280.

[6] Yoo JI, Han JK, Youn HS, Jung JH. Comparison of health aware-ness in South Korean middle school students according to type of online physical education classes during the COVID-19 pan-demic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 7937.

[7] Lee G. The necessity of youth physical activity and role and task of school physical education in COVID 19. Korean Journal of Sport Pedagogy. 2021; 28: 175–198.

[8] Lee JH, Kwon M. Health behavior changes in Korean adoles-cents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: secondary data analysis of the 2019–2020 youth health risk behavior web-based survey. Journal of Korean Society of School Health. 2021; 34: 179.

[9] Lee EJ, Zea SJ, Youn HS. Exploring the difficulties and strate-gies of practicing online classes experienced by high school veteran physical education teachers in the corona19 pandemic. Journal of Korean Association for Learner-centered Curriculum and Instruction. 2020; 20: 339–362.

[10] Nagano K, Kikuchi S, Nakamura K. Comparison of physical fitness and athletic ability of elementary school students pre-post the epidemic of new coronavirus infection. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2021; 71: 117. (In Japanese)

[11] Hoshino S, Sugawa M. Impact of physical fitness and QOL due to student corona damage. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2021; 71: 36.

[12] National Center for Child Health and Development. Results of questionnaire for COVID-19 and children. National Center for Child Health and Development: Tokyo, Japan. 2021. Available at: https://www.ncchd.go.jp/center/activity/covid19_kodomo/re- port/CxC1_finalrepo_20210306revised.pdf (Accessed: 24 August 2021).

[13] The National Network of Physical and Mental Health in Japanese Children. Results of emergency survey for body and soul in children. 2021. Available at: http://kodomonokaradatoko koro.com/images/20210119.pdf (Accessed: 24 August 2021).

[14] Moriyama M, Yuki A. Changes in physical activity among uni-versity students after the lifting of the COVID-19 emergency declaration issued in April 2020. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine. 2021; 70: 257–268.

[15] Nakai Y, Tomioka K, Taniguchi Y, Takenaka T, Makizako H. Changes in Physical Activity Levels between before and during the COVID-19 Outbreak of Older Community-dwelling Adults: a Survey of Older Adults who Participated in Exercise Programs. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2021; 36: 35–40.

[16] Ezpeleta L, Navarro JB, de la Osa N, Trepat E, Penelo E. Life conditions during COVID-19 lockdown and mental health in Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health. 2020; 17: 7327.

[17] Jones EA, Mitra AK, Bhuiyan AR. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in adolescents: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 2470.

[18] Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, et al. Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: A rapid systematic re-view. International Journal of Environmental Research and Pub-lic Health. 2021; 18: 3432.

[19] Nearchou F, Flinn C, Niland R, Subramaniam SS, Hennessy E. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17: 8479.

[20] O’Sullivan K, Clark S, McGrane A, Rock N, Burke L, Boyle N, et al. A qualitative study of child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 1062.

[21] Golberstein E, Wen H, Miller BF. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics. 2020; 174: 819–820.

[22] Pietrabissa G, Volpi C, Bottacchi M, Bertuzzi V, Usubini AG, Löffler-Stastka H, et al. The impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health: the lived experience of adolescents with obesity and their care-givers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 3026.

[23] Lee DJ, So WY, Lee SM. The relationship between Korean ado-lescents’ sports participation, internal health locus of control, and wellness during COVID-19. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 2950.

[24] Bronikowska M, Krzysztoszek J, Łopatka M, Ludwiczak M, Pluta B. Comparison of physical activity levels in youths be-fore and during a pandemic lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 5139.

[25] Sekulic D, Blazevic M, Gilic B, Kvesic I, Zenic N. Prospec-tive analysis of levels and correlates of physical activity dur-ing COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing; gender specific study among adolescents from Southern Croatia. Sustainability. 2020; 12: 4072.

[26] Lashua B, Johnson CW, Parry DC. Leisure in the Time of Coron-avirus: a Rapid Response Special Issue. Leisure Sciences. 2021; 43: 6–11.

[27] Nobari H, Fashi M, Eskandari A, Villafaina S, Murillo-Garcia Á, Pérez-Gómez J. Effect of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life in adolescents and children: a systematic review. Inter-national Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 4563.

[28] Mastorci F, Bastiani L, Trivellini G, Doveri C, Casu A, Pozzi M, et al. Well-being perception during COVID-19 pandemic in healthy adolescents: from the avatar study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 6388.

[29] Jang JY. Relationships of Adolescents’ Stress and Psychologi-cal State by Gender and Physical Activity Level during the early COVID19 crisis. The Korean Journal of Growth and Develop-ment. 2021; 29: 181–187.

[30] Margaritis I, Houdart S, El Ouadrhiri Y, Bigard X, Vuillemin A, Duché P. How to deal with COVID-19 epidemic-related lock-down physical inactivity and sedentary increase in youth? Adap-tation of Anses’ benchmarks. Archives of Public Health. 2020; 78: 52.

[31] Ware JE. Health perception questionnaire instruments for mea-suring nursing practice and other care variables (pp. 158–161). DHEW Publication: Hyatts-ville, MD, USA. 1979.

[32] Martilla JA, James JC. Importance-Performance Analysis. Jour-nal of Marketing. 1977; 41: 77–79.

[33] Deng W. Using a revised importance–performance analysis ap-proach: the case of Taiwanese hot springs tourism. Tourism Management. 2007; 28: 1274–1284.

[34] Oh M, Ryu J. Comparison between traditional IPA and revised IPA: an attractiveness evaluation of Incheon Chinatown. Inter-national Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research. 2016; 30: 129–142.

[35] Vacha-Haase T, Kogan LR, Thompson B. Sample compositions and variabilities in published studies versus those in test 563 manuals: Validity of score reliability inductions. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2000; 60: 509–522.

[36] Nunnally J, Bernstein L. Psychometric theory (pp. 565). McGraw-Hill Higher, INC: New York. 1994.

[37] Weaver B, Maxwell H. Exploratory factor analysis and reliabil-ity analysis with missing data: A simple method for SPSS users. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology. 2014; 10: 143–152.

[38] DeVellis R. Scale development: theory and applications: theory and application (pp. 568). Sage: Thousand Okas, CA. 2003.

[39] Matzler K, Bailom F, Hinterhuber HH, Renzl B, Pichler J. The asymmetric relationship between attribute-level perfor-569 mance & overall customer satisfaction: a reconsideration of the importance–performance analysis. Industrial Marketing Man-agement. 2004; 33: 271–277.

[40] Deng W, Kuo Y, Chen W. Revised importance–performance analysis: three-factor theory and benchmarking. The Service In-dustries Journal. 2008; 28: 37–51.

[41] Chon S. The Effects of Perceived social supports on Loneliness and SNS addiction in Adolescents amid Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society. 2021; 18: 119–146.

[42] Nippon Sport Science University Noi Laboratory Notice. An-nual report of physical and mental health among the children 2021. Year. Available at: http://kodomonokaradatokokoro.com /hakusho/hakusho.html (Accessed: 14 December 2021).

[43] Nippon Sport Science University Noi Laboratory Notice. “Urgent investigation on children’s bodies” result report. 2021. Available at: http://kodomonokaradatokokoro.com/image s/20210119.pdf (Accessed: 30 Janury 2021).

[44] Japan Sports Agency. 2021 year National physical fit-ness, athletic ability, exercise habits, etc. 2021. Available at: https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/content/20211221-spt_sseis aku02-000019583_1.pdf (Accessed: 14 April 2022).

[45] Kim J, Kang S, Kim KK, Yoo S. Value and direction of Health Promotion in Korea: a content analysis of Health Plan 2020. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion. 2021; 38: 42021.

[46] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol-ogy, Japan (MEXT). Hygiene management manual for new Coronavirus infectious diseases in schools “new lifestyle in schools”. 2022. Available at: https://www.mext.go.jp/conte nt/20220404-mxt_kouhou01-000004520_01.pdf (Accessed: 4 April 2022).

[47] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Tech-nology, Japan (MEXT). Curriculum guidelines for Japanese elementary schools: family edition. 2017. Available at: https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=h ttps://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_ detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2019/03/18/1387017_009.pdf&ve d=2ahUKEwiq4rOtmbD3AhVjHKYKHYc7DZ4QFnoECA4Q AQ&usg=AOvVaw0373V441MoIvSJDGiN2oil (Accessed: 18 March 2019).

[48] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol-ogy, Japan (MEXT). Japanese junior high school learning guid-ance guidelines (2017 notification). 2017. Available at: https://www.mext.go.jp/content/1413522_002.pdf (Accessed: 14 April 2022).

[49] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol-ogy, Japan (MEXT). Japanese high school learning guidance guidelines (notification in 2018). 2018. Available at: https://www. mext.go.jp/content/1384661_6_1_3.pdf (Accessed: 14 April 2022).

[50] Bae SS, Kim GS, Won YS, Cho MH. An analysis of females and males’ perception, experiences and needs toward elemen-tary physical education classes. Korean Journal of Sport Peda-gogy. 2005; 12: 114–138.

[51] Kim YH. EMOTION Strategy for Female Students’ Active Par-ticipation in Physical Activity. The Journal of Curriculum Eval-uation. 2010; 13: 133–156.

[52] Kang MO, Koo MH. Prejudice and Teaching Strategies for Girls in Physical Education Classes of Middle and High School Phys-ical Education Teachers. Korean Journal of Sport Pedagogy. 2019; 17: 39–48.

[53] Sher L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM: an International Journal of Medicine. 2020; 113: 707–712.

[54] Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N, Reynolds S, Shafran R, Brigden A, et al. Rapid Systematic Review: the Im-pact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2020; 59: 1218–1239.e3.

[55] Calati R, Ferrari C, Brittner M, Oasi O, Olié E, Carvalho AF, et al. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors and social isolation: a nar-rative review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019; 245: 653–667.

[56] Kim HS, Kim HS. Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts among Ko-rean Adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2008; 39: 221–235.

[57] Roh B, Jung EH, Hong HJ. A Comparative Study of Suicide Rates among 10–19-Year-Olds in 29 OECD Countries. Psychi-atry Investigation. 2018; 15: 376–383.

[58] Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol-ogy, Japan (MEXT). Survey on learning guidance, etc., during temporary holidays because of new coronavirus infection. 2022. Available at: https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20220317-mxt_k yoiku02-000006590_01.pdf (Accessed: 17 March 2022).

[59] Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Mo-rouço P, et al. Exploring lifestyle habits, physical activity, anx-iety and basic psychological needs in a sample of Portuguese adults during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmen-tal Research and Public Health. 2020; 17: 4360.

[60] Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2020; 18: 229.

[61] Arya G, Mishra S. Effect of junk food & beverages on Ado-lescent’s health. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2013; 1: 26–32.

[62] Kang HJ. The status quo and prospect of university entrance exam in Japan. Korean Journal of the Japan Education. 2018; 23: 51–73.

[63] Shin J, Park HY, Kim JL, Lee JJ, Lee H, Lee SH, et al. Psy-chiatric Morbidity of Survivors one Year after the Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Korea, 2015. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2019; 58: 245–251.

[64] Kosaka Y. Parental perception of the relationship between stress responses and the changes in lifestyle habits of elementary school students during a temporary leave of absence for COVID- 19. The Japanese Journal of Psychology. 2021; 92: 408–416.

[65] Suzuki T. Situation of socio-emotional (non-cognitive) abili-ties of children and students under the epidemic of new coro-navirus infection: literature survey on the early stage of the epidemic. From the perspective of the possibility of using the product development research team research report. Na-tional institute for educational policy research. 2021. Avail-able at: https://www.nier.go.jp/04_kenkyu_annai/pdf3/2021_ha ttatsu_a.pdf (Accessed: 3 November 2021).

[66] Kim M. A Study on the Relationship between Health and Phys-ical Fitness and School Life of Children. The Korean Journal of Growth and Development. 2020; 28: 55–63.

[67] Choi S, Choi M. Focus Group Interview(FGI) Study on ‘K-Edu’ Experienced by School Teachers in COVID-19. Journal of the Korean Entertainment Industry Association. 2021; 15: 179–189.

[68] Lee EJ, So WY, Youn HS, Kim JY. Effects of school-based physical activity programs on health-related physical fitness of Korean adolescents: A preliminary study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18: 2976.

[69] Henchoz K, Cavalli S, Girardin M. Health perception and health status in advanced old age: a paradox of association. Journal of Aging Studies. 2008; 22: 282–290.

[70] Holder K, Reddy PH. The COVID-19 effect on the immune sys-tem and mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes, obesity, and de-mentia. The Neuroscientist. 2021; 27: 331–339.

[71] Gero K, Iso H, Kitamura A, Yamagishi K, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi A. Cardiovascular disease mortality in relation to physical ac-tivity during adolescence and adulthood in Japan: does school-based sport club participation matter? Preventive Medicine. 2018; 113: 102–108.

[72] Jeong HC, Lee EJ, Youn HS, So WY. Development and Imple-mentation of a “Music Beeps” Program to Promote Physical Fit-ness in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health. 2020; 17: 6148.

[73] Bailey R. Physical Education and Sport in Schools: a Review of Benefits and Outcomes. Journal of School Health. 2006; 76: 397–401.

[74] Rozin P, Fischler C, Imada S, Sarubin A, Wrzesniewski A. At-titudes to food and the role of food in life in the U.S.A., Japan, Flemish Belgium and France: possible implications for the diet-health debate. Appetite. 1999; 33: 163–180.

Abstracted / indexed in

Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) Created as SCI in 1964, Science Citation Index Expanded now indexes over 9,200 of the world’s most impactful journals across 178 scientific disciplines. More than 53 million records and 1.18 billion cited references date back from 1900 to present.

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition aims to evaluate a journal’s value from multiple perspectives including the journal impact factor, descriptive data about a journal’s open access content as well as contributing authors, and provide readers a transparent and publisher-neutral data & statistics information about the journal.

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

SCImago The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a publicly available portal that includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.)

Publication Forum - JUFO (Federation of Finnish Learned Societies) Publication Forum is a classification of publication channels created by the Finnish scientific community to support the quality assessment of academic research.

Scopus: CiteScore 0.9 (2023) Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 Inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.

Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers Search for publication channels (journals, series and publishers) in the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers to see if they are considered as scientific. (https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/Forside).

Submission Turnaround Time

Conferences

Top